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Semester: | 7th | - Lecturing: | 2 | ECTS: | 4 |
Course Type: | Elective | - Practical | 1 | Prerequisites: | - |
Course Code: | E7209 | - Laboratory | - | Expected | Y2202 |
eClass URL | ➽ | Total Hours of | - |
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This is an advanced course in the scientific field of Petrology. It requires a solid background in mathematics, physics, and chemistry since it deals particularly with the solution of thermodynamic equations. The core of the course consists of the study of the physicochemical processes that drive mineralogical transformations within the Earth as a function of temperature, pressure, (rock/fluid) composition, time, and deformation (P-T-X-t-d). This study provides fundamental insights into the time-thermobarometric evolution of orogenic zones, the genetic relationship between subduction of oceanic lithosphere and overlying continental margin/island arc magmatism/volcanism, the influence of mineralogical transformations on earthquake generation and seismic wave propagation velocities, the recycling of volatile and light elements in the Earth's deep interior, the origin of diamonds, the mode of formation of hydrothermal ore deposits, the contribution of metamorphic processes to the formation of abiotic hydrocarbons and the origin of life.
HEAT FLOW IN THE EARTH (Heat sources in the crust and mantle, heat transfer mechanisms, heat flow-Fourier's law, heat production from radioactive isotope decay, mantle adiabat, continental and oceanic crustal geotherms, surface heat flow and Moho temperature as functions of crustal and lithospheric thickness, lithostatic pressure, thermodynamic pressure and tectonic overpressure, spatial distribution of pressure and temperature in crustal shear zones, mineral stratification in the upper mantle, geotectonic environments and geothermal gradients, heat transfer during continental collision and thermal evolution of thickened crust, migmatite genesis); INTRACRYSSTALINE ION DIFFUSION, CLOSURE TEMPERATURE AND COOLING RATES OF OROGENS (Fick's laws, diffusivity, concentration gradients, hierarchy of diffusivities in metamorphic minerals, effect of mineral chemical composition and oxygen fugacity on diffusivity, chemical zoning and elemental maps of minerals, evaluation of the potential of minerals in geochronology and trace-element thermometry, closure temperature and cooling rates of orogens); OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE SUBDUCTION ZONES (young vs. old lithosphere, fast vs. slow subduction, dry/humid/wet rheology, spatial distribution of isotherms, global water flow rates, metamorphic facies and parageneses in dry/hydrated/enriched/depleted mantle peridotite, hydrothermally altered volcanics, pelitic/quartzose/carbonaceous sediments; dehydration reactions and melting, mantle-wedge metamorphism and electrical conductivity, spatial distribution of metamorphic facies, density and seismic wave propagation velocities); APPLICATIONS OF THERMODYNAMICS TO PETROLOGY (laws of thermodynamics, enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity, compressibility, expansivity, chemical potential, Gibbs and Helmholtz free energy, constitutive equations, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, excess free energy, thermodynamic models of minerals, boundaries of metamorphic reactions, equilibrium constant, water phase diagram, density and relative dielectric constant of water under geological conditions, metamorphic reactions as geological thermometers and barometers).